Newbattle at War a history of the Parish at war   

The year 1945 saw the defeat of Nazi Germany and later the fall of Imperial Japan, and with it the end of captivity, many years in some cases, and an end to the harsh and sometimes brutal conditions the men lived in.

The men in German hands at least had the consolation that the Germans had notified the Red Cross and that their families at least knew they were alive, and they received the occasional Red Cross parcel. For men in Japanese hands life was very different, the Japanese did not recognise the Geneva Convention and whether they notified relatives of a man's capture was very much hit or miss. Conversely cards would arrive saying the man was a POW and well, but several months had elapsed by which time the man had died from illness, starvation or had been executed by the Japanese themselves.

A number of local men were prisoners of the Germans, Japanese or the Italians and I shall try and recount some of their tales here, Some like Sgt John Calder from Dalkeith whilst talking about his stay with the Japanese who declined to talk about his ill treatment. He was not alone, it was just way too painful to recall.

I'll shall start with John Calder, he was taken prisoner in February, 1942 after a year of fighting in Malaya, during his three and a half years in captivity he existed on a diet of rice and soup, he remembered that only once did they receive a Red Cross parcel and that was Christmas 1944, the contents seemed by then like luxuries from an alien planet, cigarettes, chocolate, tinned meat and tinned fish. However ironically by this time John had gave up smoking.

"At first we were given 10 cigarettes a day, but even this small amount soon faded away, until we got none." The first camp John was held in was the notorious Changi camp in Singapore, he was held here for three months before being transferred to work in Thailand. John was attached to a medical unit which meant he travelled from camp to camp treating men with Malaria, Cholera and other tropical diseases. This meant that he was spared the back breaking work but exposed him to a lot of very sick men, many of whom were beyond all hope. "In Thailand we were lucky if we got a holiday once in ten days.When we did get one we used to play football to pass the time, this was the only sport we ever had, although in some camps I visited during my work, there were bands which had been formed by the men themselves."

In 1944 John moved from the camps to work in the coal mines of Wakayama on the Japanese mainland, someone here had made a radio set and they were able to listen to Allied broadcasts, this was how he heard of the end of the war. He skips over a lot of the end of war but recalls his journey home took him two months and two days, the last leg from New York to Southampton was on the Queen Mary.

John was one of the luckier ones, a telegram was received by Mrs Turnbull at her house in Woodburn Road, Dalkeith, from the War Office that her brother Corporal George Elliott of the Gordon Highlanders had died in Thailand on the 6th June, 1943 only now with the release of what was left of the Gordon Highlanders was the full extent of he death toll coming out. George was a regular and had 11 years Army service. Also receiving bad news were the Elliots of Douglas Crescent in Bonnyrigg, they were sent a telegram stating their nephew Driver George Elliott, Royal Army Service Corps had died in captivity.

Not all news in Bonnyrigg was bad news, Corporal Watson Crozier of the Cameron Highlanders was welcomed home to his sister's house in Eldindean. He had been liberated by the Red Army as they pushed through Eastern Europe towards Germany. His sister had received a telegram from Watson the previous week, a regular soldier he had been with the colours since 1934 when he enlisted as a boy of 17, it was the first time he had been home since then. The telegram "Arrived safe. See you soon." These brief words signalled the end of his  time behind the wire that had started in 1942 when he had been captured at Tobruk.

After his initial stay with the Germans he was transferred to an Italian POW camp in Italy. Cpl Crozier said he had no admiration whatsoever for the Italians and had been treated very badly by them and nearly starved.

Fortunately his stay in Italy was short and he was transferred to Germany first to Stalag 8B, then to a work camp E711 in Upper Silesia where he was held along with 3000 mostly British prisoners, whilst there he was made to work in a factory manufacturing coal by products. In common with John Calder from Dalkeith he recalls with great fondness the Red Cross parcels "If it had not be for them, we would have been in a very bad state. The Red Cross also provided games, footballs and other gear for sports. Musical instruments were receved and we had a camp orchestra, concerts were often arranged. Books for commercial courses were receved and many prisoners took advantage of this to obtain qualifications." He also recalls that contact with German populace was strictly forbidden, and he had little knowledge of their attitude to the war.

In January, 1945 the Russian Army rolled into Upper Silesia, the Germans pulled the POWs back from the battle zone except 60 who were too sick to travel. Taking advantage of the confusion caused by the retreat Crozier and some of his mates slipped away and went into hiding until the Russians had overran the defences. Heading into Russian territory they presented themselves to the Red Army, they were given food and hitch hiked for three weeks until they arrived at Krakov in Poland. After a few days in Krakov, during which time they were well looked after by the Russians, they were put on a train to Odessa in the Ukraine and shipped home to the United Kingdom. Being a regular there was no demob for Watson Crozier and after six weeks leave, it was back to soldiering for him.

Another man who had been captured at Tobruk was former Dalekithian Lance Bombardier Norman Morrison, who's parents resided in the High Street Dalkeith. He had immigrated to South Africa in the late 20's and had enlisted in the South African Forces at the start of the war. His homecoming was a lot quicker than Watson Crozier's. His camp had been liberated by the Americans,under General Patch, on the 11th of April, within 48 hours he was back in England and not long after he was home in Dalkeith, the first time in 9 years he had set foot there, he enjoyed a months leave before returning to South Africa.

Coming back with him on the train was Private Andrew Reilly,(37) from Dalkeith, he rejoined his old regiment The Black Watch in 1939 and was captured in the heroic rearguard action at St Valery in 1940 where the 51st Highland Division sacrificed itself so many men could make it back to Britain to fight again. After his capture he was route marched to Holland for three weeks with virtually no food, then stuck on barges to Germany and eventually on to Poland. He spent most fo his war engaged in construction work and said he had been treated fairly. As the Russians advanced he had been moved back into Germany and was liberated by the Americans at Hanover on 11th April, 1945.

In Eldindean Terrace, Bonnyrigg, Watson Crozier was not the only man receiving a hero's welcome home. Pte Andrew Bowman, King's Own Scottish Borderers was returning home after five years behind the wire,the whole street had got the bunting to welcome Andrew home, it was a very emotional, bitter sweet moment for everyone, they delighted to see Andrew, but two of his brothers had been killed during the war. Two of his neighbours Mrs Young and Miss Harper presented Andrew with a gift of money from all those in the street with their best wishes. Andrew (27) had been captured in 1940 at Leforges and like Andrew Reilly he had been route marched for three weeks.

During the march their only rations were three biscuits and half a cup of coffee a day. Near the end of the march they were given horse meat soup, I bet no one was bothered about horse meat then.he was then held in Marienburg XXB before spending most of the war working on farms in Prussia where he was quite well treated, being worked hard and fed well. His working day was normally 14 or 15 hours long and he received payment of 4 Marks 20 Pfennings, about 4 Shillings or 20 pence in British money. Andrew received no letters or parcels from home for the first year after which they arrived fairly regularly.

Some of the guards very friendly and happy to barter for goodies in Red Cross parcels, an indication that times were tough for Germans. In 1945 the Russians were getting very near, Andrew was being held in a town almost at the Russian-German border. At 8 o'clock one morning the Russians could be heard nearby, and the POWs were moved out of Rosenburg, less than two hours later the Russians took the town,. The prisoners were marched 10km to Freistadt where a scene of chaos greeted them , German refugees fleeing and troops being rushed to the front to confront the Allies. Thus began a trek of 1000km over a period of two months in the depths of a Central European winter.

Conditions were appalling and food hard to come by, usually stolen from barns along the way, two slices of bread and a bowl of soup was the normal ration. Eventually there was no where to go for the Germans and they handed the POWs over to the Allies. Understandably having lost two brothers and being a POW for 5 years Andrew's opinion was that "The only good German was a dead one particularly the SS." He was more forgiving for the farming community of Prussia whom he had lived with and thought them 'decent'

Prisoners in German or Italian Camps

Royal Scots

Pte W Allison, 1st RS, 78 Allan Terrace, Dalkeith

Pte G R M Oldham 1st RS, 37 Gibraltar Gardens, Dalkeith

Pte James Buchanan, 10 Gardiners Place, Newtongrange

Pte J Amos, Bryans Avenue, Newtongrange

KOSB

L Cpl Andrew Fraser, High Street, Bonnyrigg

Pte Andrew Bowman, 36 Eldendean Terrace, Bonnyrigg

Seaforth Highlanders

Pte Thomas Plummer, Dundas Street, Bonnyrigg

Pte Andrew Ross, Park Crescent, Bonnyrigg

Pte Robert Clark, 24 Mansfield Road, Newtongrange

Pte Thomas Sprott, 10 Mansfield Place, Newtongrange

Pte George Potts, 79 Fifth Street, Newtongrange

Gordon Highlanders

Pte William Sim, 7 Greenside Place, Rosewell (died of an accident in German camp)

Pte Andrew McCowan, Saughlands, Tynehead

Pte Robert Harkness, Chrichton Mains

Pte Walter Young, 100 High Street, Dalkeith

Pte Edward Dick,Reids Buildings, Newtongrange

Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders

Pte Robert Lennie, 29 Ninth Street, Newtongrange

Black Watch

L Cpl Andrew Reilly, 7 Allan Terrace, Dalkeith

L Cpl Alexander Gibson, sister 54 Eighth Street, Newtongrange

Scots Guards

Sgt Robert Scott, Dalkeith Police Station

Guardsman Daniel G Allan, 1 Leyden Place, Bonnyrigg captured by Italians, killed when POW ship sunk

L Sgt Thomas Birrell, 25 Tenth Street, Newtongrange

Parachute Regiment

Pte Angus Muir Steele, 80 Back Street, Dalkeith

Pte Henry Preston, Dean Park, Newtongrange

L Cpl A Kean, Lothian Street, Dalkeith

Royal Army Service Corps

Pte John Brown, Lionsgate, Prestonhall

Pte Robert Richardson, Third Street, Newtongrange

Royal Engineers

Pte Alexander Wilson, Reeds Drive, Newtongrange

Auxiliary Corps

Pte Andrew Purves, 40 St Davids, Newtongrange

Royal Air Force

Cpl William Rennie Davidson, 36 Sixth Street, Newtongrange

Aircraftman George B Smith, 80 Dobbies Road, Bonnyrigg

Sgt James Pryde, 49 Dean Park, Newtongrange

Pilot Officer Thomas Stenhouse, 35 Fifth Street, Newtongrange

Royal Navy

Stoker Robert Scott, Lingerwood Road, Newtongrange

Unknown units

John Holgate, 60 St Davids, Newtongrange